Unstandardized Choropleth Map

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2004US_election_map.jpg

Unstandardized refers to maps that are not standardized.  For example above, the numbers are raw percentages instead of equal categorical values.  There are more shades of red than blue, there are no even amount of intervals.  The above map shows the election outcome for John Kerry and George Bush in 2004.

http://www.mint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/mint-income-r3.png

The univariate is probably the most used choropleth map.  It is easily the most understood and read map.  It only uses one variable.  The above map shows the income in the United States between each state.

Family Tree

http://www.alicesfamilytree.com/family_tree.html
A family tree is a form of a flow chart.  In fact it is a map of geneology, but in a flow of generations.  The above map is an example how each person has a previous ancestor.

Timeline

http://www.vertex42.com/ExcelArticles/create-a-timeline.html
A timeline acts as a map "of time."  It can map out a persons life such as the above timeline does for Benjamin Franklin or it can map out almost anything in the world, nation, city, book, etc. 

Overlap Circle Graph

http://www.philanthropicgroup.com/article_strategies.html
A circle graph that overlaps is a type of graph that shows two different variables and their common ground.  A graph can act as a map in ways that it shows the reader where, in this instance, their common grounds meet.  It informs as any other kind of map would.  Above shows an example of a "foundation" looking to what they want to provide and what their community needs.  The overlap shows which of both are similar; in otherwords how the foundation can help the community.

Isotach Map

http://www.stresscrete.com/technical-resources/wind-maps/american-isotach-wind-map.asp
Isotach maps are maps that show winds and the correlation between speeds and region.  The above map shows the wind contours in the United States.

Isopach Map

http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/pages/isopach.html
Above, The rainbow contours correspond to thickness of overburden sediment on the ocean floor and the increasingly pink colors represent greater sediment thickness.  Isopach maps measure the areal extent and thickness variation of a stratigraphic unit.

Standardized Choropleth Map

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/2008003/figures/5200001-eng.htm
The information is standardized to a certain area making it readible.  It shows the prevalence of the variable in that area.

Isohyets Map

http://www.einfopedia.com/isohyets-the-line-joining-the-areas-having-the-same-rainfall-on-the-map.php
Isohyet is the line which is used to connect the areas on the map which are receiving the amounts of rainfall.

Isobar Map

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gl)/guides/maps/sfcobs/cntr/bars.rxml

A line connecting points of equal pressure is called an isobar. That means, that at every point along a given isobar, the values of pressure are the same.
Isobars are represented by solid blue contours. An image of sea-level pressure reports and isobars has been given below.

Correlation Matrix

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence

A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which express the similarity between two data points.  Above, "correlation coefficients between X and Y are shown when the two variables' ranges are unrestricted, and when the range of X is restricted to the interval (0,1)."

Similarity Matrix

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_matrix

Bivariate Choropleth Map

http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc99/proceed/papers/pap171/p171.htm
A bivariate chropleth map shows two different variables at one time.  For instance, the above map shows populations AND median house value.  "Since choropleth mapping technique is designed for polygon features, bivariate choropleth maps can not be applied to point and line features."

Nominal Choropleth Map

http://www.streetgangs.com/
A map we used in class, above, shows the area of gang territories near Compton.  It's a more qualitative map then quantitative.  It shows the area of the gangs rather than how many in each area.

Classed Choropleth Map

http://indiemapper.com/education/labs/1/Choropleth_Lab_Indiemapper.pdf
The above map uses a 5-class equal interval classification scheme (1-10, 11-20,...).  The classification makes it easier for map readers to understand the data and what is going on in the map. Choropleth maps are used when data can be connected with numbers, data can be statistical and/or show ratios in an area.
" In a classed choropleth map, areal units are combined into a smaller number of groups and portrayed in intervals"

DLG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_line_graph

A Digital Line Graph (DLG) is a cartographic map feature represented in digital vector form that is distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Population Profile - Florida

http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/st_profile.htm

Population Profiles show graphic overview of several demographic statistics.  This is a 2000 census of Florida.  It shows population, racial statistics and more.

Propaganda Map

Above, "Scott's Great Snake" which pictorially illustrates Gen. Winfield Scott's plan to crush the South both economically and militarily."  A propaganda map uses itself to "advertise" and or persuade people into feeling the way the map pictures and words portray.

Lorenz Curve

http://ingrimayne.com/econ/AllocatingRationing/MeasuringIncomeDist.html

The Lorenz curve is used in economics and ecology to describe inequality in wealth or size. The Lorenz curve is a function of the cumulative proportion of ordered individuals mapped onto the corresponding cumulative proportion of their size.  The further the line the below the more unequal the income is.

Isopleth Map

http://www.aegis.jsu.edu/mhill/phygeogone/isoplth.html
"An isopleth map generalizes and simplifies data with a continuous distribution. It shows the data as a third dimension on a map, thus isopleth maps are more common for mapping surface elevations, amounts of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and numerous other measurements that can be viewed statistically as a third dimension.
The third dimension is shown by a series of lines called isopleths which connect points of equal value. The isopleth interval is the difference in value between two adjacent isopleths. Note, the values of the isopleths drawn on the map are ALWAYS multiples of the interval. Isopleths never cross or divide and always form enclosed circles, however, this occurrence may not be in the mapped area."

Statistical Map

http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/census.html
A statistical map uses illustration to map or graph statistical information.  The above "map" of Africa shows the growth of the internet there.

Bubble Map

http://www.nhcs.k12.nc.us/ogden/ThinkingMaps.html
A bubble map is a kind of mental map.  It is helpful in writing.  The map above shows an object in the center and around it are adjectives to describe it.  Mental maps and bubble maps, like mentioned, help in writing because one can see their ideas on paper.

Multi Flow Map

http://www.nhcs.k12.nc.us/ogden/ThinkingMaps.html

A multi flow map is similar to a single flow map.  While a flow map can give directions one by one, it can also have multiple variables and/or directions that flow in more than one way.

Flow Map

http://www.nhcs.k12.nc.us/ogden/ThinkingMaps.html
Flow maps are simply that.  A map or set of directions that "flow" in an order.  Above is a flow map on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. 

Thematic Map

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ThematicMapFramesetServlet?_bm=y&-tm_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_M00625&-ds_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_&-tm_config=|b=50|l=en|t=5309|zf=0.0|ms=thm_def|dw=1.9557697048764706E7|dh=1.4455689123E7|dt=gov.census.aff.domain.map.LSRMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-1159354.4733499996|cy=7122022.5|zl=10|pz=10|bo=|bl=|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=403:381:204:380:369:379:368|g=01000US|ds=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_|sb=49|tud=false|db=040|mn=28.5|mx=41.4|cc=1|cm=1|cn=5|cb=|um=Years|pr=1|th=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_M00625|sf=N|sg=&-CONTEXT=tm&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en

Thematic maps show the distribution of a single attribute/characteristic or the relationship between several attributes.  It is up to the map maker to make sure that the correct use of these maps are portrayed. 
Geographic patterns in statistical data, such as population or median income, displayed as color-coded areas on a map are examples.  The above portrays the Median Age of the Total Population of the United States between 2005-2009.

Hysometric Map

http://www.reliefshading.com/colors/hypsometric.html

Hypsometric Maps are topographic maps that represent elevation and such with colors.  The above map is a hypsometric map of the Aegean Sea and colors the relief in shades of blue.

DRG

DRG's are topographic maps that stand for Digital Raster Graphics.  DRGs are used as the basis for the USGS DLG files (roads and rivers). 

Distribution Wind Rose

http://www.vistadatavision.com/reports/wind-rose/

This wind rose above shows the distribution of multivariables.  It plots the wind with air temperature.

Wind Rose - Basic

http://www.vistadatavision.com/reports/wind-rose/
A basic wind rose above shows the distribution for a specific time.  Wind rose's show data related to wind direction.

Proportional Circle Maps

http://www.d.umn.edu/geog/cartfolder/HTML%20Pages/Map-Types.htm
A proportional circle map, such as the one above, uses circles for symbol size discrimination, rather than magnitude estimation. "The cartographer selects a symbol form, and varies its size from place to place, in proportion to the quantities the symbol represents.  The map reader forms a picture of the quantitative distribution by examining the pattern of the different sized symbols."

PLSS Maps

http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a way of subdividing and describing land in the United States.  The PLSS is a rectangular survey system that typically divides the land into 6-mile square townships, which are further subdivided into 1-mile square sections.  The above map shows the French arpent land division in Louisiana.

Tri Plot

A triangular plot is a graph of 3 variables most often used in geologic studies to show the relative compositions of soils and rocks.The above graphic illustrates tsunami wave trains from three modeled sources can arrive at a coastal site.

DOQQ

DOQQ's are digital aerial images produced by the USGS. They contain orthorectified aerial photography.  The above photo is a CIR image is part of the Farmville NE.

DEM

A DEM is a digital model or 3-D representation of a terrain's surface.  The above photo is a LIDAR based Digital elevation model of Portland, OR.

LIDAR

http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/projects/olc/#what

The right is a LIDAR photo of Oregon.  "Lidar (light detection and ranging) is a new tool that can provide very precise, accurate, and high-resolution images of the surface of the earth, vegetation, and the built environment."

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/b-eye/parallel_coordinates.pdf
The above graph shows and measures different aspects of U.S. counties.  "The strength of parallel coordinates isn't in their ability to communicate

some truth in the data to others, but rather in their ability to bring meaningful multivariate

patterns and comparisons to light when used interactively for analysis."

Bilateral Graph

http://seekingalpha.com/article/241440-will-october-s-improved-trade-deficit-continue

Bilateral graphs show two variables that are tied to one another.  This graph shows "The U.S. monthly trade deficit in goods and services (seasonally adjusted) improved from $45.6 billion in September to $38.7 billion in October."

Cadastral Map

http://www.spaceage.co.in/cadastral-surveys.php

"Cadastral maps display the spatial descriptions of land-parcel boundaries that define the location, shape and size of land parcels within the context of a regional or national geodetic positioning system."
The maps include a number or categorical identifier in order to make land value, ownership and other information available.

Planimetric Map

http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/highway/photo/Products/Planimetric_maps_default.html

"A map showing only the horizontal position of features on the Earth's surface which show geographic objects, natural and cultural physical features, and entities without topographic features such as roads, buildings, and water bodies that are visible and identifiable on aerial photographs, but which can be compiled into map features through photogrammetric or surveying procedures."  An above example is given; typical outlining for transportation projects.

Topographic Map

A topographic map is a land map.  "The feature that most distinguishes topographic maps from maps of other types is the use of contour lines to portray the shape and elevation of the land. Topographic maps render the three-dimensional ups and downs of the terrain on a two-dimensional surface."  The above map is of Yellowstone National Park.

Dot Distribution

http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/2010_census_nighttime_map/nighttime_map_2010.html
"The 2010 Population Distribution in the United States and Puerto Rico map (also referred to as the "Nighttime Map"), portrays the distribution of population in the United States and Puerto Rico based on the results of the 2010 Census of Population and Housing."  Each dot represents either a person or a certain amount of people.  In any other case it represents the variable measured.

Black and White Aerial Photo

http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/aerial/aerial.html
The above photo is a picture of Los Angeles, CA in 1989.  It is taken from air, above the city.    "Aerial and satellite images, known as remotely sensed images, permit accurate mapping of land cover and make landscape features understandable on regional, continental, and even global scales."

Color Infrared Aerial Photo

http://www.aerialarchives.com/infraredcolors.htm
This photo above is of the Sacremento River deep water channel.  It is colored in infrared; it can sometimes see and measure things that the naked eye otherwise cannot.   "Red tones in color infrared aerial photographs are almost always associated with live vegetation and the tone of red can be a guide to the density and health of the vegetation and how vigorously it is growing...Ground areas appear as various shades of green, blue or white depending on the composition of the ground area and its moisture content."

Basically the colors repesent different areas of land and water, different depths, different moistures, etc.

Doppler Radar

http://www.weather.com/maps/maptype/currentweatherusnational/usdopplerradar_large.html

This is a doppler of the United States.  Doppler Radar uses signals to find, for instance in this map, rainfall and storms in an area.  Doppler can be used for many things but the most popular is meteorology.

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Stem-and-Leaf_Plot.html
A stem and leaf plot is a way to organize numerical data.  For instance, the above plot shows the number of students enrolled in a dance class for 12 years.  The numbers 81, 84, 85, 86, 93, 94, 97, 100, 102, 103, 110, 111 are depicted.  "The 'ones digit' and the 'tens digit and greater' of each data item is separated as leaves and stems respectively."

Star Plot

http://itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/starplot.htm

A star plot is a graph that examines behavior of variables in a "multivariate data set."  It consists of spokes that represent each variable.  "The data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable for the data point relative to the maximum magnitude of the variable across all data points." 
The plot above. contains the star plots of 16 cars and each variable is listed 1-9 on the website above.

Histogram

http://www.netmba.com/statistics/histogram/
A histogram shows data that falls in certain ranges, like many other maps and graphs.  This one above represents frequency of students and their exam scores.  The scores range ten points each and the frequency is the number of students who received each score. 

"The groups of data are called classes, and in the context of a histogram they are known as bins, because one can think of them as containers that accumulate data and "fill up" at a rate equal to the frequency of that data class."  The histogram shows the general shape of frequency distrubution, symmetry of distribution and whether it is skewed and modality.

BoxPlot

http://itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/boxplot.htm

Box plots show location and variation of data sets.  This one shows the variation between machines and energy.  It shows four machines and each effect on energy output with respect to it's location. "Machine 3 has the highest energy response (about 72.5); machine 4 has the least variable energy response with about 50% of its readings being within 1 energy unit."

Climograph

http://www.colorado.edu/geography/extra/geogweb/bouldercreek/preview/page2.html
This is a climograph.  It represents the monthly temperatures and precipitation averages.  This one is for Boudler, Colorado.  "Geographers often represent the climate of a place with a climograph" (Colorado.edu).